1. “Give to Caesar What Is Caesar’s and to God What is God’s” (Mark 12:13-17)

Implication A: a salvation-historical shift is required to accommodate Jesus’ pronouncement.

• No mediator-king
• A new covenant
• Gentile inclusion in the covenant community
• Separation of “church and state”

Implication B: Being divine image bearers’ grounds our responsibility.

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2a. “The Authority of The State” (Romans 13:1-3)

• Ruling authorities should be obeyed because God has ordained and appointed the governing
  authority.
• Those who resist that authority oppose what God himself has ordained and are liable to
  judgment by the state. Those who do what is right will be commended by the state.

2b. “The Ministry of The State” (Romans 13:4-7)

• The one in authority is God’s servant for our good, as well as agents of wrath to bring
  punishment on the wrongdoer.
• Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities and pay our taxes - not only because
  of possible punishment, but also because of conscience.

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3. “Christians Are to Pray for All Sorts of Individuals” (1 Timothy 2:1-2)

• Specifically, those in authority
• With a view to civil peace, in an environment where the gospel might advance, and where
  Christians live lives of godliness and holiness.