“Reformation Systematized and Confessed”: Reformed Orthodoxy, Scholasticism, and Confessionalism (c. 1560-1700)

November 9, 2025 Preacher: Quinn Clement-Schlimm Series: Sunday School: Church History Overview

Part 7 of 10 in the Church History Overview series

  1. What is Reformed Orthodoxy?
    1. Orthodoxy: right teaching
    2. Reformation: the movement to recover the gospel and reform the church; dedication to scripture and justification by faith alone
    3. Reformation (Protestant) traditions:
      1. Lutheran
      2. Reformed
        1. Presbyterian
        2. Congregational
        3. Particular or Reformed Baptists
        4. Continental (Dutch) Reformed
      3. Anglican
      4. Anabaptist (Radical Reformation)
      5. Arminian/Remonstont
        1. General or Arminian Baptists
      6. Methodist/Wesleyan
    4. Reformed characteristics:
      1. Reformed Soteriology = “Calvinism”; doctrines of grace (Augustinian)
      2. Covenant Theology
      3. Regulative Principle of Worship
      4. Confessionalism
    5. Reformed Orthodoxy: the movement to define, defend, and systematize the Reformed doctrine after the initial Reformation
  2. What is Reformed Scholasticism?
    1. Scholasticism: a method that relies on careful distinctions, clear definitions, and precise theological argument
  Medieval Scholasticism Reformed Scholasticism
Examples Thomas Aquinas Francis Turretin & John Owen
Goal Synthesize theology & philosophy Systematize & defend Reformed theology
Method Scholastic Scholastic
Metaphysics Aristotelian philosophy  More restrained, scripture-governed
Complexity  Complex logic and metaphysics  Complex logic but less metaphysics
Tone  Philosophical  Confessional & Polemical
  1. Medieval scholasticism used metaphysics to build theology
  2. Reformed scholasticism kept the rigour of medieval scholasticism but not its metaphysical excesses; it used metaphysics to clarify theology already revealed in Scripture.
  1. What is Confessionalism?
    1. Confessions (and catechisms which are in Q&A form) are tools used to summarize biblical doctrines for unity, discipline and teaching
    2. Major Confessions/Catechisms:
      1. Augsburg Confession (Lutheran)
      2. Belgic Confession (Continental Reformed)
      3. Thirty Nine Articles of Religion (Anglican)
      4. Savoy Confession (Congregational)
      5. Heidelberg Catechism (Continental Reformed)
      6. “Q1: What is your only comfort in life and death? A: That I am not my own, but belong, in body and soul, in life and death, to my faithful Saviour Jesus Christ”.
      7. Westminster Standards (Presbyterian)
        1. Westminster Confession of Faith
        2. Westminster Larger Catechism
        3. Westminster Shorter Catechism
    3. Major Baptist Confessions/Catechisms:
      1. 1st London Baptist Confession
      2. 2nd London Baptist Confession (modified from Westminster)
        1. 1.1 On the Holy Scriptures
      3. Baptist Catechism (modified from Westminster)
        1. Q38: What is sanctification?
        2. Q105: What is prayer?
      4. Orthodox Catechism (modified from Heidelberg)
    4. Application: Gambling
      1. Baptist Catechism Q78-80
      2. Westminster Larger Catechism Q140-142