“Reformation Systematized and Confessed”: Reformed Orthodoxy, Scholasticism, and Confessionalism (c. 1560-1700)
November 9, 2025 Preacher: Quinn Clement-Schlimm Series: Sunday School: Church History Overview
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Part 7 of 10 in the Church History Overview series
- What is Reformed Orthodoxy?
- Orthodoxy: right teaching
- Reformation: the movement to recover the gospel and reform the church; dedication to scripture and justification by faith alone
- Reformation (Protestant) traditions:
- Lutheran
- Reformed
- Presbyterian
- Congregational
- Particular or Reformed Baptists
- Continental (Dutch) Reformed
- Anglican
- Anabaptist (Radical Reformation)
- Arminian/Remonstont
- General or Arminian Baptists
- Methodist/Wesleyan
- Reformed characteristics:
- Reformed Soteriology = “Calvinism”; doctrines of grace (Augustinian)
- Covenant Theology
- Regulative Principle of Worship
- Confessionalism
- Reformed Orthodoxy: the movement to define, defend, and systematize the Reformed doctrine after the initial Reformation
- What is Reformed Scholasticism?
- Scholasticism: a method that relies on careful distinctions, clear definitions, and precise theological argument
| Medieval Scholasticism | Reformed Scholasticism | |
| Examples | Thomas Aquinas | Francis Turretin & John Owen |
| Goal | Synthesize theology & philosophy | Systematize & defend Reformed theology |
| Method | Scholastic | Scholastic |
| Metaphysics | Aristotelian philosophy | More restrained, scripture-governed |
| Complexity | Complex logic and metaphysics | Complex logic but less metaphysics |
| Tone | Philosophical | Confessional & Polemical |
- Medieval scholasticism used metaphysics to build theology
- Reformed scholasticism kept the rigour of medieval scholasticism but not its metaphysical excesses; it used metaphysics to clarify theology already revealed in Scripture.
- What is Confessionalism?
- Confessions (and catechisms which are in Q&A form) are tools used to summarize biblical doctrines for unity, discipline and teaching
- Major Confessions/Catechisms:
- Augsburg Confession (Lutheran)
- Belgic Confession (Continental Reformed)
- Thirty Nine Articles of Religion (Anglican)
- Savoy Confession (Congregational)
- Heidelberg Catechism (Continental Reformed)
- “Q1: What is your only comfort in life and death? A: That I am not my own, but belong, in body and soul, in life and death, to my faithful Saviour Jesus Christ”.
- Westminster Standards (Presbyterian)
- Westminster Confession of Faith
- Westminster Larger Catechism
- Westminster Shorter Catechism
- Major Baptist Confessions/Catechisms:
- 1st London Baptist Confession
- 2nd London Baptist Confession (modified from Westminster)
- 1.1 On the Holy Scriptures
- Baptist Catechism (modified from Westminster)
- Q38: What is sanctification?
- Q105: What is prayer?
- Orthodox Catechism (modified from Heidelberg)
- Application: Gambling
- Baptist Catechism Q78-80
- Westminster Larger Catechism Q140-142
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